Wikiversity:自己表明
提供: ウィキバーシティ
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この文書はウィキバーシティ日本語版の公式な方針あるいはガイドラインの草案です。現時点ではまだ拘束力はありません。現在、内容に関してノートページで議論を行なっています。 |
ウィキバーシティは幅広く自由な思索を目指し、中立・「NPOV」であるよう努力するという意味で、目指す方向性はウィキペディアと似ています。 しかしながら(いろいろな意見はあるでしょうが)中立性は常に可能ではありませんし、場合によっては中立性が望ましくない場合もあるので、偏った立場をとることができるよう、ウィキバーシティには偏りを自己表明できる仕組みがあります。具体的には、ウィキバーシティの参加者が伝統的なウィキメディア財団の中立的な視点(NPOV)の掟の範囲内にとどまると学問の自由について問題を抱えてしまうような状況において、中立的ではないウィキバーシティのページを「中立的ではない」と明示して、物の見方や視点について自己表明を明記してください。ウィキバーシティの学術倫理の約束を明確的に受け入れる人だけが、この方法により中立的な視点の掟による制約を受けることなくウィキバーシティのページを編集することができます。
偏りは自己表明しなければなりません。 いかなる学習教材や単位、学習コースを編集する人も、それぞれの学習教材の初めに、その内容の偏りを自己表明するべきです。学習コースや単位によっては複数の偏りを含むことがあるでしょう。そのような場合すべての偏りを表明してください。学習教材では一連の情報のうちその教材の偏りだけを自己表明すれば十分です。他の関連する教材の偏りについてまで表明する必要はありません。偏りについての自己表明がないページについては、中立的な視点の掟の制約に基づき編集されなければなりません。(ページの視点は重大なものであれば全て記述されなければなりません。)
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[編集] 既定の自己表明
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右に表示されている自己表明の内容は、ウィキバーシティの既定の自己表明です。
中立な視点は、ウィキメディアプロジェクトに期待されていることですから既定です。
英語のWikiversityと同様に進歩主義の教育哲学を既定としています。
See below for interpretation of these
[編集] POV Biases
POV: Point of View
[編集] General explanation
Wikiversity has different goals than Wikipedia. Wikiversity main namespace pages are devoted to the goal of supporting online education and the learning goals of Wikiversity participants. The traditional Wikimedia neutral point of view policy might not always be important for some Wikiversity pages - though, it does indicate the "iterative" (and, therefore, wiki-like) process of developing towards a compromise common ground, which could have relevance to a style of learning on Wikiversity. Many Wikiversity main namespace pages will strive to follow the traditional Wikimedia neutral point of view policy.
Wikipedia’s policy on maintaining a “neutral point of view” serves the goal of producing encyclopedia articles that have a limited amount of bias. Some Wikiversity pages are functionally similar to encyclopedia articles in that they should present an unbiased account of a topic. For such Wikiversity pages (for example, a Wikiversity page that describes the benefits and limitations of some learning materials) the Wikipedia policy for keeping a neutral point of view should be applied. Wikiversity pages in the wikiversity namespace should strive for NPOV.
In contrast, other Wikiversity pages might be devoted to the study of a topic from one particular point of view. Such Wikiversity pages need not strive to present to the world a neutral and unbiased presentation of the topic. Sometimes learning is advanced by asking new or unpopular questions that fly in the face of conventional thought. Wikiversity readers should not expect all Wikiversity pages to follow the neutral point of view policy. In order to help Wikiversity users distinguish between NPOV pages and other types of pages, pages that do not follow the traditional Wikimedia NPOV policy should be marked as such. Pages that do not attempt to follow the traditional Wikimedia NPOV policy should clearly indicate what they are trying to accomplish and why that does not involve adherence to the traditional Wikimedia NPOV policy. When members of the Wikiversity community excuse pages from the traditional Wikimedia NPOV policy, those community members take on the responsibility of making sure that they adhere to highest standards of scholarly ethics.
[編集] Examples of exceptions from traditional Wikimedia NPOV
example Scholarly study of topics can sometimes be advanced when a scholar adopts a particular point of view with respect to a topic of study. A famous example comes from attempts to understand the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Starting in 1987, soon after the discovery of HIV, Peter Duesberg systematically questioned the role of HIV as the cause of AIDS. Duesberg adopted a minority view, has published articles describing that point of view and has participated in discussions of the merits of his adopted point of view.
lessons Wikiversity allows scholarly investigations of individual points of view with respect to a topic of study. During the course of such studies, Wikiversity pages can be created and maintained that do not present a balanced (NPOV) discussion of the topic. These pages should contain a prominent section that describes why editors are departing from NPOV. Good scholarly practice is to be aware of and open to other points of view and to engage in scholarly analysis of each point of view. Each and every Wikiversity page need not present an NPOV account of topics that are under study, but each scholar needs to honestly portray the nature of their work within the Wikiversity community. Wikiversity editors can create and edit pages that deal with topics such as AIDS reappraisal, but these pages need to be scholarly analyses of ideas. Such pages can seek to be persuasive because of the merits derived from careful reasoning and intellectual honesty, not from deception or use of irrational arguments.
example Some advocates of Intelligent Design aim to scientifically study creationism or some variant of the idea that there are aspects of the natural world best explained in terms of intelligent design. Intelligent Design is often described by its supporters as a scientific alternative to evolution. However, creationism is considered by most biologists to be religion not science, and the legal status of Intelligent Design as public school educational content has been the topic of legal dispute (see: Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District).
lessons A learning project about Intelligent Design could be included in Topic:Evolutionary Biology and designated as being outside of traditional Wikimedia NPOV policy. This would allow a scholarly scientific exploration of the hypothesis that life on Earth has features best explained by an intelligent design process. Some advocates of Intelligent Design explicitly abandon the scientific method. A learning project that does not use the scientific method should not try to include itself as a topic at a science page such as Topic:Evolutionary Biology. Studies founded on religious convictions should be explored at School:Theology. Further discussion of this example is at Creation science and NPOV.
studying bias itself A project studying e.g. how scientist that happend to come under the political regime of nazi terrorism bent their published views away from what they published before and after that time period, will most naturally have to use, present, and analyse historic scientific resources with zeitgeisty nazi bias. While those documents may, or may not present biases of various kinds, they need to be on the wikiversity web site in part or toto, providing evidence backing the project teachings, or as working materials for learners.
There are many other historical examples of scholarly departures from unbiased study of a topic. (add more...)
[編集] Neutral point of view in interactions
The neutral point of view policy is not intended to restrict ideas expressed on Wikiversity to those which are neutral - for example, participants are welcome to express emotions which are representative of their internal state. For example, a participant (a Wikischolar) can express delight in acquiring a new concept.
NPOV addressses primarily that scholarly material written to exemplify competency in a particular topic is neutral. It should come across as a balanced, mature, and moderated.
[編集] Case in study
Wikipedia's reference desk is the largest and most popular collaborative page which deals with any topic. It exemplifies how collaborative learning can occur in a "neutral" environment. The ratio of edits to vandalism on that page is the highest on Wikipedia when compared to any other project page.
[編集] Current POV Biases
[編集] Other possible biases
- Left-wing
- Right-wing
- Christian conservative
- Libertarian
- Atheist
- Naturalist
- Socialist
- Muslim
- &c.
[編集] EP Biases
EP: Educational Philosophy
Likewise, different educational philosophies will be selected by those who develop the Learning Materials. These should also be disclosed.
[編集] Current EP Biases
[編集] Example Bias Disclosures
It doesn't show here, but the "Disclosures" heading links to this page.
[編集] Physics course
Some biases that might apply to a traditional Physics course are floating on the right.
[編集] Politics course
Some biases that might apply to a left-wing political course are on the right.
[編集] Resources
The following could be useful article(s) about the notion of disclosure:
- Newman, Judith M. (1987). Learning to teach by uncovering our assumptions. Language Arts, 64 (7), 727-737. Available online at http://www.lupinworks.com/article/learn.html
